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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project</span></h1>
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<p>Das <b>Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project</b> (BPPP) (deutsch etwa <i>Projekt für bahnbrechende Antriebsphysik</i>) war ein Forschungs- und Evaluierungsprogramm der US-Raumfahrtbehörde <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, das neue und unkonventionelle <a href="Antriebsmethoden_f%C3%BCr_die_Raumfahrt" title="Antriebsmethoden für die Raumfahrt">Antriebsmethoden für die Raumfahrt</a> erforschte.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hintergrund">Hintergrund</h2></div>
<p>Ziel des Projektes war es, fundamental neue Möglichkeiten für Raumfahrzeugantriebe zu begutachten und etwa 60 Vorschläge auf ihre Realisierbarkeit zu überprüfen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dabei wurden in Subprojekten, wie dem <i>Quantum Vacuum Forces Project</i> u. a. <a href="Vakuumenergie" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakuumenergie">Vakuumenergie</a>, <a href="Nullpunktsenergie" title="Nullpunktsenergie">Nullpunktsenergie</a>, <a href="Casimir-Effekt" title="Casimir-Effekt">Casimir-Effekt</a>, <a href="Warp-Antrieb" title="Warp-Antrieb">Warp-Antrieb</a>, <a href="Antigravitation" title="Antigravitation">Antigravitation</a> und <a href="%C3%9Cberlichtgeschwindigkeit" title="Überlichtgeschwindigkeit">Überlichtgeschwindigkeit</a> erforscht.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project fand von 1996 bis 2002 am <a href="Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn Research Center</a> im Rahmen des <a href="NASA_Advanced_Space_Transportation_Program" title="NASA Advanced Space Transportation Program">NASA Advanced Space Transportation Program</a> statt und wurde von dem Physiker <i>Marc G. Millis</i> geleitet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Gesamtkosten des Programms beliefen sich auf 1,6 Mio. USD.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach Beendigung des Projekts gründete Millis die <i>Tau Zero Foundation</i>, eine private Non-profit-Forschungsinitiative, die sich der weiteren Erforschung neuer Technologien und Erfordernisse für <a href="Interstellarer_Raum" title="Interstellarer Raum">interstellare</a> Raumflüge zur Aufgabe gemacht hat.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Im April 2017 beauftragte die NASA die <i>Tau Zero Foundation</i> mit der <i>Interstellar Propulsion Review</i>-Studie.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In den <i>Millennium Projects</i> von <a href="Lockheed_Advanced_Development_Projects_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Advanced Development Projects Unit">Lockheed Skunk Works</a> und im <i>Project Greenglow</i> von <a href="BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> wurden ähnliche Forschungsanstrengungen unternommen.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenglow wurde von Ronald Evans geleitet und im Jahr 2005 offiziell eingestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch Entwicklungsabteilungen anderer <a href="R%C3%BCstungsindustrie" title="Rüstungsindustrie">Rüstungsbetriebe</a> wie z. B. <a href="Boeing_Phantom_Works" title="Boeing Phantom Works">Boeing Phantom Works</a> (<i>Project GRASP – Gravity Research for Advanced Space Propulsion</i>) und <a href="Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop Black Widow</a> befassten sich im Rahmen von geheimen <a href="Verteidigungsforschung" title="Verteidigungsforschung">militärischen Forschungsprogrammen</a>, sog. <a href="Black_Project" title="Black Project">Black Projects</a> oder <i>Special Access Programs</i>, mit Antriebstechnologien und neuen fortgeschrittenen Flug- und Raumfahrtsystemen, wie z. B. <a href="Aurora_(Projekt)" title="Aurora (Projekt)">Aurora</a> und <i>Ayaks</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China und andere Nationen betreiben ebenso Forschung im Bereich alternativer unkonventioneller Antriebssysteme (z. B. <a href="EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EmDrive</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sonstiges">Sonstiges</h2></div>
<p>Das <a href="NASA_Institute_for_Advanced_Concepts" title="NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts">NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts</a> und das <i>Advanced Concepts Team</i> der <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Weltraumorganisation" title="Europäische Weltraumorganisation">ESA</a> forschen an der Entwicklung fortgeschrittener Konzepte und Methoden für die Raumfahrt.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Auch am NASA <a href="Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">JSC</a> wird im <i>Advanced Propulsion Physics Laboratory</i>, informell auch „Eagleworks“ genannt, an neuen Antriebstechnologien, wie z. B. dem <i>Quantum Vacuum Plasma Thruster</i> (Q-Thruster), geforscht und entwickelt.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neue Aspekte und Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung eines Warp-Antriebes wurden untersucht und im Rahmen eines Symposiums des <a href="100_Year_Starship" title="100 Year Starship">100 Year Starship</a> im September 2012 vorgestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA Johnson Space Center und Dakota State University planen in einer Reihe von Experimenten mit dem <i>White–Juday warp-field interferometer</i>, einer Art <a href="Michelson-Morley-Interferometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelson-Morley-Interferometer">Michelson-Morley-Interferometer</a>, ob es prinzipiell möglich sein könnte, die Metrik der <a href="Raumzeit" title="Raumzeit">Raumzeit</a> (engl.:<i>spacetime metric engineering</i>) zu verändern und zukünftig für <a href="Warp-Antrieb#Die_Theorie_des_Warp-Antriebs_nach_Alcubierre_und_van_den_Broeck" title="Warp-Antrieb">Antriebszwecke</a> nutzbar zu machen.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
An der <a href="Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Dresden" title="Technische Universität Dresden">Technischen Universität Dresden</a> werden unkonventionelle Ansätze im Bereich <i>Breakthrough Propulsion Physics</i> von <a href="Martin_Tajmar" title="Martin Tajmar">Martin Tajmar</a> und seinem Team erforscht.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Im Rahmen des Programms <i>NIAC</i> <i>(NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts)</i> erforscht die NASA weitere unkonventionelle Konzepte, wie z. B. den <i>Mach Effect Thruster</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Interstellare_Raumfahrt" title="Interstellare Raumfahrt">Interstellare Raumfahrt</a></li>
<li><a href="Technology_Readiness_Level" title="Technology Readiness Level">Technology Readiness Level</a></li>
<li><a href="Breakthrough_Starshot" title="Breakthrough Starshot">Breakthrough Starshot</a></li>
<li><a href="Relativistische_Rakete" title="Relativistische Rakete">Relativistische Rakete</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Marc G.Millis, Eric W. Davis: <i>Frontiers of propulsion science.</i> American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 978-1-56347-956-4</li>
<li>Marc G.Millis: <i>NASA breakthrough propulsion physics program.</i> Acta Astronautica, Volume 44, Issues 2–4, January–February 1999, S. 175–182.</li>
<li><a href="Martin_Tajmar" title="Martin Tajmar">Martin Tajmar</a>: <i>Breakthrough Propulsion</i>, S. 115ff. in: ebender: <i>Advanced space propulsion systems.</i> Springer, Wien 2003, ISBN 3-211-83862-7.</li>
<li>Les Johnson et al.: <i>Development priorities for in-space propulsion technologies.</i> Acta Astronautica, Vol. 82, Issue 2, Feb. 2013, S. 148–152.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/overview.html">BPPP Overview</a>. nasa.gov (abgerufen am 2. Februar 2011)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110720151654/https://www.thespaceshow.com/guest.asp?q=772">Marc G. Millis, The Space Show</a> Radiosendungen über Breakthrough Propulsion, thespaceshow.com, abgerufen am 22. März 2012 (englisch)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/BPPP.html">Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program</a>. The Internet Encyclopedia of Science</li>
<li>Marc G.Millis: <i>PROGRESS IN REVOLUTIONARY PROPULSION PHYSICS.</i> <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1063">1101.1063</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucedorminey/2012/06/15/leaving-earth-former-nasa-rocket-scientist-on-the-politics-of-going-interstellar/?ss=innovation-science">Leaving Earth: Former NASA Rocket Scientist On The Politics Of Going Interstellar</a> forbes.com, abgerufen am 20. Juni 2012</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040402092917/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/">Breakthrough Propulsion Physics</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grc.nasa.gov%2FWWW%2Fbpp%2F">Originals</a></span> vom 2. April 2004 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.grc.nasa.gov</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/warp/ipspaper.html">Emerging Possibilities for Space Propulsion Breakthroughs</a> nasa.gov; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040070788">Prospects for Breakthrough Propulsion From Physics</a> ntrs.nasa.gov, abgerufen am 21. September 2012.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152256/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/JournalList.html">List of Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Resulting from BPP Project Sponsorship</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grc.nasa.gov%2FWWW%2Fbpp%2FJournalList.html">Originals</a></span> vom 6. Juni 2011 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/JournalList.html">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/JournalList.html">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.grc.nasa.gov</span> grc.nasa.gov</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc G.Millis: <i>Prioritizing Pioneering Research.</i> in: ebender: <i>Frontiers of propulsion science.</i> American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 978-1-56347-956-4, S. 663</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050041926">Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project:Project Management Methods</a>. ntrs.nasa.gov, abgerufen am 22. August 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naca.larc.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171927&qs=Ns%3DNASA-Center%7C0%26N%3D4294949091%26No%3D10">G. Jordan Maclay, (et al.): <i>Study of Vacuum Energy Physics for Breakthrough Propulsion.</i></a> naca.larc.nasa.gov, abgerufen am 22. August 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630221614/http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/Q/Quantum_Vacuum_Forces_Project.html">Quantum Vacuum Forces Project</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 30. Juni 2011 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) daviddarling.info</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20040171927_2004178265.pdf">Study of Vacuum Energy Physics for Breakthrough Propulsion</a> ntrs.nasa.gov, PDF abgerufen am 22. August 2012.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126152320/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/MillisBio.html">Bio Marc G. Millis</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grc.nasa.gov%2FWWW%2Fbpp%2FMillisBio.html">Originals</a></span> vom 26. November 2010 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/MillisBio.html">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/MillisBio.html">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.grc.nasa.gov</span>. grc.nasa.gov</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul A. Gilster: <i>Recent History of Breakthrough Propulsion Studies.</i> in: Marc G.Millis et al.: <i>Frontiers of propulsion science.</i> American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 978-1-56347-956-4, S. 11 ff.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelvin F. Long: <i>Deep space propulsion – a roadmap to interstellar flight.</i> Springer, New York 2012, ISBN 978-1-4614-0606-8. S. 294; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.at/books?id=EAD2-GrarkEC&pg=PA294&lpg=PA294&dq=deep+space+propulsion+Breakthrough+Propulsion+Physics+Project+costing&source=bl&ots=dPmuuBj2HV&sig=xsoTxkM5fMjh5Penitk_viLmxLU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LGguUP-bH8HYtAaNnoHgDQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=deep%20space%20propulsion%20Breakthrough%20Propulsion%20Physics%20Project%20costing&f=false">Google Books</a>, abgerufen am 17. August 2012.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117031406/http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?page_id=2118">Tau Zero Foundation</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 17. November 2011 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) centauri-dreams.org</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925081333/http://www.tauzero.aero/index.html">ABOUT TAU ZERO</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 25. September 2011 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) tauzero.aero, abgerufen am 6. November 2011</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20111105172241/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/11/02/8603075-reality-check-for-starships">Reality check for starships</a> cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tauzero.aero/nasa-awards-grant-to-tau-zero/">NASA Awards Grant to Tau Zero</a> tauzero.aero, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2017</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc G.Millis, Eric W. Davis: <i>Frontiers of propulsion science.</i> American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 978-1-56347-956-4. <i>Project Greenglow</i>, S. 17–19</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William B. Scott: <i>To the Stars.</i> Aviation Week & Space Technology, März 2004, S. 50–53, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226115809/http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf">pdf</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zpower.com%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2FPaper_ToTheStars.pdf">Originals</a></span> vom 26. Februar 2017 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.zpower.com</span>. zpower.com, abgerufen am 8. August 2011</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James F. Woodward: <i>Making starships and stargates : the science of interstellar transport and absurdly benign wormholes.</i> Springer, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-5622-3, S. 186 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.at/books?id=fdo8f2koat8C&pg=PA186&dq=Millenium+Projects+skunk+works&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PyW4UfKOK6LV4gSIioHAAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Millenium%20Projects%20skunk%20works&f=false">Google Books</a>, abgerufen am 12. Juni 2013</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35861334">Project Greenglow and the battle with gravity</a> bbc.com, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2016; Ronald Evans: <i>Greenglow – and the search for gravity control.</i> Matador, Kibworth 2015, ISBN 978-1-78462-023-3.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315080302/http://articles.cnn.com/2003-09-05/tech/wow.tech.black.world_1_new-technology-black-world-secret-programs?_s=PM:TECH">New technology from 'black world'</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 15. März 2012 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) articles.cnn.com; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/02/pentagons-black-budget/">See for Yourself: The Pentagon’s $51 Billion ‘Black’ Budget</a> wired.com; abgerufen am 20. September 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/02/go-inside-the-56-billion-black-budget/">Go Inside the $56 Billion ‘Black’ Budget</a> wired.com; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110205138/http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissenschaft/news/149355.html">Project Grasp: Boeing will Schwerkraft teilweise aufheben</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 10. Januar 2010 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) wissenschaft.de</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202104148/http://www.fas.org/irp/mystery/pde.htm">Exotic Propulsion Aircraft</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 2. Dezember 2012 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IB87201.pdf">Special Access Programs and the Defense Budget:Understanding the "Black Budget</a> (PDF; 931 kB) <a href="Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">fas.org</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/01/science/01patc.html?pagewanted=all">Inside the Black Budget</a> nytimes.com</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-02/06/emdrive-and-cold-fusion">EmDrive: China's radical new space drive</a> wired.co.uk, abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2013</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/index.html">NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts</a> (NIAC). nasa.gov</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/index.html">Advanced concepts team</a>. esa.int, abgerufen am 19. Mai 2019</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110023492_2011024705.pdf">Eagleworks Laboratories: Advanced Propulsion Physics Research</a> (PDF; 857 kB) ntrs.nasa.gov; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/501329main_TA02-InSpaceProp-DRAFT-Nov2010-A.pdf">DRAFT In-Space Propulsion Systems Road map Technology Area 02</a> nasa.gov, pdfs, abgerufen am 20. September 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derstandard.at/1347492959942/Stark-Trek-wird-Realitaet-NASA-forscht-an-Warp-Antrieb">„Star Trek“ wird Realität: NASA forscht an Warp-Antrieb</a> derstandard.at;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/09/18/nasa_eagleworks_warp_drive/">NASA working on faster-than-light drive capable of WARP TEN</a> theregister.co.uk; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techland.time.com/2012/09/19/nasa-actually-working-on-faster-than-light-warp-drive/">NASA Actually Working on Faster-than-Light Warp Drive</a> techland.time.com, abgerufen am 20. September 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110015936_2011016932.pdf">Warp Field Mechanics 101</a> ntrs.nasa.gov, pdf, abgerufen am 21. September 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=24665">A Lab Experiment to Test Spacetime Distortion</a> centauri-dreams.org; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceref.com/nasa-hack-space/propulsion/clarifying-nasas-warp-drive-program.html">Clarifying NASA's Warp Drive Program</a><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotdeadurl.invalid/http://spaceref.com/nasa-hack-space/propulsion/clarifying-nasas-warp-drive-program.html">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceref.com/nasa-hack-space/propulsion/clarifying-nasas-warp-drive-program.html">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Toter Link/spaceref.com</span> <small>(Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im Juni 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/list/2010/http://spaceref.com/nasa-hack-space/propulsion/clarifying-nasas-warp-drive-program.html">Suche in Webarchiven</a>)</small> <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. Bitte prüfe den Link gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small> spaceref.com, abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2013</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Harold G.: A Discussion of Space-Time Metric Engineering. General Relativity and Gravitation, v.35, Issue 11, S. 2025–2033 (2003), <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003GReGr..35.2025W">2003GReGr..35.2025W</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_maschinenwesen/ilr/rfs/forschung/folder.2007-08-21.5231434330/ag_raumfahrtantriebe">Raumfahrtantriebe und neue Konzepte</a> tu-dresden.de, abgerufen am 18. Dezember 2013</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2017_Phase_I_Phase_II/Mach_Effects_for_In_Space_Propulsion_Interstellar_Mission">Mach Effects for In Space Propulsion: Interstellar Mission</a> nasa.gov</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spektrum.de/news/22-kuehne-ideen-fuer-die-raumfahrt-der-zukunft/1449387">22 kühne Ideen für die Raumfahrt der Zukunft</a> spektrum.de; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/index.html">NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Program</a> abgerufen am 3. Juni 2017</span>
</li>
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